In African cities, orienting risk management towards a developmental agenda can

confront the root causes of poverty and risk. Transition to an integrated approach has

the most chance of success when it combines interventions working on the risk culture

of a city, which include planning and specific sectorial and local decision-making

processes. Risk cultures that prioritise and combine integrated poverty reduction

and risk management with examples of successful outcomes of decision making at

sectorial and practical levels can be effective and make backsliding more difficult.