RISK BEYOND THE RED LINE: Urban risk and large scale infrastructure projects in Kenya

Between 2016 and 2017, Arup carried out case study research to explore how large two infrastructure projects are creating, compounding or mitigating risk in Nairobi. The Thika Highway Improvement Project and the Two Rivers Mall Development were selected as case studies as they represent typical large scale ‘road’ and key ‘nodal’ developments that are shaping urban growth in Africa.